The effects of climate change pose a significant risk to food production, as well as to the relocation of people and an increase in the dangers to health on a global scale. To combat climate change, vast resources, such as financial investments, are required. These resources are needed to decarbonize economic systems and sustainably produce enough food. First and foremost, it calls for the collaboration and commitment of nations all over the world, predicated on an accurate comprehension of the problems at hand.
Nevertheless, countries with a lower level of development face a different set of challenges. In South Africa, for instance, issues such as poverty, inequality, violence, and the availability of jobs and education typically have an impact on efforts to combat climate change.
Evidence gathered from 11 different ongoing projects was used by the South African government in 2022 to begin formulating ideas for how environmental concerns could be addressed within the context of the national budget. This is a significant step toward addressing the issue of climate change as a top priority at the national level. However, other socioeconomic issues that are affecting the population are currently at the center of the focus of the government’s spending on national initiatives.
This is Not Hard to Comprehend
One out of every four women in South Africa between the ages of 18 and 49 has suffered physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner. The current HIV prevalence rate is 13.5%, and unemployment is at its highest level in several years at 33.9%. In the eyes of South Africans, these are time-sensitive matters that require immediate attention. They are taken into consideration in the National Development Plan for the country.
Nevertheless, There is a Connection Between All of These Worries
The effects of climate change present an additional challenge to efforts currently underway and those that will be undertaken in the future to safeguard ways of life, expand the economy, and reduce the incidence of disease and fatalities. As a result, it is essential to have an understanding of the general public’s perspective on environmental problems and the benefits of working to solve them.
This was the impetus behind the research into the perspectives of South Africans about environmental issues in comparison to other socioeconomic challenges.
For this study, a representative sample of people participated in the South African Social Attitudes Survey in 2017. During the survey, 3,173 adults were asked to name what they considered to be the country’s top three most pressing problems at the time. They had the option of picking from a list that included environmental concerns.
They identified ten of the most significant challenges facing society today, but environmental concerns were not among them. Just 0.09% of those polled identified concerns about the environment as the highest priority facing the nation. When asked about their highest priorities, respondents placed environmental concerns seventeenth on the list. Unemployment, HIV, and crime were ranked as the top three most important problems. According to an investigation of the responses, 77.62% of survey participants had bad views of the environment, while only 22.37% had positive views.
The findings of the survey indicate that the majority of South Africans would prefer to see efforts focused on addressing other challenges, even though climate change will exacerbate those challenges. The findings also provide insight into where efforts to alter perceptions could be concentrated.
It has been five years since the survey was conducted, and in that time, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant influence on the lives of many people. If people in South Africa were polled about their priorities right now, it’s possible that climate change concerns would fall even further down the list than they already do.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Environmental Climate Change
Participants in the study were considered adults if they were at least 16 years old, of either gender, and could have been from any race, geographic location, or nationality. The findings were analyzed after controlling for the aforementioned demographic and socioeconomic factors.
The following are the responses received from participants:
- What they considered to be the three most significant challenges facing South Africa (in order)
- Whether or not the “taxes paid by the people” were being utilized for environmental protection.
- Whether or not additional tax revenue should be allocated to environmental protection.
Among all of the respondents, 65% ranked unemployment as the most significant problem in the country, 15% named HIV/AIDS as the second most significant problem, and 11% named crime and safety as the third most significant problem. The environment was only listed as the top priority by 0.09% of those who participated in the survey. This final group of participants consisted entirely of men.
There Was No Mention of Environmental Concerns Anywhere in the Top 10 Lists of the Third or Second Critical Problems in South Africa
Violence and security, provision of services, and fighting corruption came in first place on the list of the second most important priorities. In this case, environmental concerns came in 15th (1.04%). Sixty-nine percent of the people who placed the environment in second place were female. The following three issues predominated on the list of the third most important ones: poverty, corruption, and education. The environment came in tenth (3.18%), and its participants were more evenly split between males and females.
Participants who placed a higher priority on social challenges were also likely to have a favorable attitude toward ecological problems. This demonstrates that there is a common demographic inside the population that may be targeted by movement patterns for social and environmental transformation. 62.28% of the participants were men while 37.72% of the survey participants were female and believed that more funds should be expended on the environment through taxes.
Women and people who lived in rural areas were less inclined to have negative perceptions toward environmental issues than men and people who lived in urban areas. Those individuals who were older than 16 to 19 years old, female, black, less educated, or unemployed were more likely to hold pessimistic views regarding the environment.
The discovery that females do not place as high of a priority on environmental challenges as males do presents an opportunity to educate females about the potential obvious rewards that global climatic strategies could reveal to the maintenance and day-to-day operation of their households. Women are the primary breadwinners in approximately 42% of South African households.
Implications for Ongoing Efforts to Combat Climate Change
According to these findings, conflicting interests in South Africa such as economic, social, and health concerns currently take precedence over environmental concerns there. This is understandable in the here and now; however, many of these problems will be made much worse in the future as a result of climate change, which will add another obstacle to the development prospects of the country. Second, the efforts that are made to reduce the contending challenges could potentially provide a chance for increased awareness regarding environmental transition and development issues.
To educate and assist the general public in lowering their carbon footprints and developing more sustainable technologies, it is necessary to develop strategies with a primary emphasis on including underrepresented groups, such as women and residents of rural areas, among others.
When doing so, two critical considerations should be kept in mind. The public should not have to pay more for interventions, nor should interventions make the population more susceptible. The solutions that are sought out and the information that is communicated should be tailored to the needs of the population’s economies, as well as their food production and consumption requirements. That is, an approach and remedy that is driven by Africans are necessary.